Sickness absence and disability pension trajectories in childhood cancer survivors and references- a Swedish prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk of chronic health conditions. We aimed to explore future long-term sickness absence and disability pension in young adult childhood cancer survivors and matched references. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study using microdata from five Swedish nationwide registers. Among all individuals born 1976–1998 and living in Sweden, we included 3632 childhood cancer survivors and 17,468 matched references that could be followed-up for 15, 10, or 5 years, respectively. A group-based trajectory model was applied to identify trajectories of mean annual sickness absence and/or disability pension days (SADP) in each sub-cohort, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Potential risk factors for trajectory belonging were explored using χ2 test and multinomial logistic regression. Results Most young adult childhood cancer survivors (90.2–96.5%) and references (97.4–98.8%) followed a No SADP trajectory. A larger proportion of childhood cancer survivors than references followed a Moderate (33–102 days/year) or High (115–260 days/year) SADP trajectory (15-year follow-up cohorts: Moderate 4.6% versus 1.2%; High 5.1% versus 1.5%). Childhood cancer survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors were at higher risk of the High SADP trajectory than childhood cancer survivors of hematological or non-CNS solid tumors (hematological versus CNS: odds ratio = 2.30, 95% CI 1.23–4.30; hematological versus non-CNS: odds ratio = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.79). Conclusions Although most young adult childhood cancer survivors had no SADP during follow-up, 9.7% experienced moderate or high numbers of SADP days/year throughout the 15-year follow-up; compared to 2.7% among references. CNS tumor survivors were at particular risk of SADP long-term and need extra attention in their future work prospect.