Trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women in Ethiopia, evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2000–2016; multilevel analysis

Abstract

Background Unmet need refers to the gap between women’s desires and contraception use to monitor their fertility level. According to the data, unplanned pregnancies are more likely to result in miscarriage and other obstetric difficulties, have poor maternal health care usage, and have a higher risk of having babies who are underweight. Information on the trend of unmet family planning needs in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married or in union women in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016. Method Cross-sectional study design from secondary data was performed. Data for the study was obtained from four consecutive Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys 2000 to 2016. The survey employs a nationally representative sample of households using a multistage stratified sampling technique. A descriptive analysis was done to see the trend in unmet need. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess individual and community-level determinants. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05 were used to declare the level of significance. Result Unmet need declined by 40.2%, from 37.3% to 22.3%, from 2000 to 2016. Rural (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.27–1.59), number of living children > = 5 (AOR = 1.14 (1.04–1.24), age at first marriage > = 18 years (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09–1.21), knowing at least one method of Family Planning (FP) (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.43–1.72), and no previous use of FP (1.27 (1.20–1.36) were associated with increased unmet need. While women between the ages of 20 and 24 (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64–0.79), 25–29 (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.55–0.70), 40–44 (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.39–0.50), 45–49 (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.18–0.24), the richest wealth index (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80–0.96. Conclusion The level of unmet need has decreased significantly in Ethiopia over the past 16 years. Age, educational level, media exposure, number of living children, age at first marriage, parity, previous use of FP, knowledge of FP, wealth index, regional setting, residence (rural), and survey year all have an association with an unmet need for family planning.