The Escherichia coli MFS-type transporter genes yhjE, ydiM, and yfcJ are required to produce an active bo3 quinol oxidase

Abstract

Heme-copper oxygen reductases are membrane-bound oligomeric complexes that are integral to prokaryotic and eukaryotic aerobic respiratory chains. Biogenesis of these enzymes is complex and requires coordinated assembly of the subunits and their cofactors. Some of the components are involved in the acquisition and integration of different heme and copper (Cu) cofactors into these terminal oxygen reductases. As such, MFS-type transporters of the CalT family (e.g., CcoA) are required for Cu import and heme-CuB center biogenesis of the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases (cbb3-Cox). However, functionally homologous Cu transporters for similar heme-Cu containing bo3-type quinol oxidases (bo3-Qox) are unknown. Despite the occurrence of multiple MFS-type transporters, orthologs of CcoA are absent in bacteria like Escherichia coli that contain bo3-Qox. In this work, we identified a subset of uncharacterized MFS transporters, based on the presence of putative metal-binding residues, as likely candidates for the missing Cu transporter. Using a genetic approach, we tested whether these transporters are involved in the biogenesis of E. coli bo3-Qox. When respiratory growth is dependent on bo3-Qox, because of deletion of the bd-type Qox enzymes, three candidate genes, yhjE, ydiM, and yfcJ, were found to be critical for E. coli growth. Radioactive metal uptake assays showed that ΔydiM has a slower 64Cu uptake, whereas ΔyhjE accumulates reduced 55Fe in the cell, while no similar uptake defect is associated with ΔycfJ. Phylogenomic analyses suggest plausible roles for the YhjE, YdiM, and YfcJ transporters, and overall findings illustrate the diverse roles that the MFS-type transporters play in cellular metal homeostasis and production of active heme-Cu oxygen reductases.