The relationship between emotional disorders and heart rate variability: A Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Objective Previous studies have shown that emotional disorders are negatively associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but the potential causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to emotional disorders and HRV remains unclear. We aimed to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential association between emotional disorders and HRV. Methods The data used for this study were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets. Five models, including the inverse variance weighted model (IVW), the weighted median estimation model (WME), the weighted model-based method (WM), the simple model (SM) and the MR–Egger regression model (MER), were utilized for MR. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) and Cochran’s Q test were used to confirm heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results MR analysis revealed that genetic susceptibility to broad depression was negatively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF) (OR = 0.380, 95% CI 0.146–0.992; p = 0.048). However, genetic susceptibility to irritability was positively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF, SDNN) (OR = 2.017, 95% CI 1.152–3.534, p = 0.008) (OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.000–1.331, p = 0.044). Genetic susceptibility to anxiety was positively correlated with HRV (RMSSD) (OR = 2.106, 95% CI 1.032–4.299; p = 0.041). No significant directional pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected. The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed through a sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our MR study provides genetic support for the causal effects of broad depression, irritable mood, and anxiety on HRV.