C. elegans XMAP215/ZYG-9 and TACC/TAC-1 act at multiple times during oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and promote both spindle pole coalescence and stability

Abstract

The conserved two-component XMAP215/TACC modulator of microtubule stability is required in multiple animal phyla for acentrosomal spindle assembly during oocyte meiotic cell division. In C. elegans, XMAP215/zyg-9 and TACC/tac-1 mutant oocytes exhibit multiple and indistinguishable oocyte spindle assembly defects beginning early in meiosis I. To determine if these defects represent one or more early requirements with additional later and indirect consequences, or multiple temporally distinct and more direct requirements, we have used live cell imaging and fast-acting temperature-sensitive zyg-9 and tac-1 alleles to dissect their requirements at high temporal resolution. Temperature upshift and downshift experiments indicate that the ZYG-9/TAC-1 complex has multiple temporally distinct and separable requirements throughout oocyte meiotic cell division. First, we show that during prometaphase ZYG-9 and TAC-1 promote the coalescence of early pole foci into a bipolar structure, stabilizing pole foci as they grow and limiting their growth rate, with these requirements being independent of an earlier defect in microtubule organization that occurs upon nuclear envelope breakdown. Second, during metaphase, ZYG-9 and TAC-1 maintain spindle bipolarity by suppressing ectopic pole formation. Third, we show that ZYG-9 and TAC-1 also are required for spindle assembly during meiosis II, independently of their meiosis I requirements. The metaphase pole stability requirement appears to be important for maintaining chromosome congression, and we discuss how negative regulation of microtubule stability by ZYG-9/TAC-1 during oocyte meiotic cell division might account for the observed defects in spindle pole coalescence and stability.