Abstract
When exposed to increased mechanical resistance from the soil, plant roots display non-linear growth responses that cannot be solely explained by mechanical principles. Here, we aim to investigate how changes in tissue mechanical properties are biologically regulated in response to soil strength. A particle-based model was developed to solve root-soil mechanical interactions at the cellular scale, and a detailed numerical study explored factors that affect root responses to soil resistance. Results showed how softening of root tissues at the tip may contribute to root responses to soil impedance, a mechanism likely linked to soil cavity expansion. The model also predicted the shortening and decreased anisotropy of the zone where growth occurs, which may improve the mechanical stability of the root against axial forces. The study demonstrates the potential of advanced modeling tools to help identify traits that confer plant resistance to abiotic stress.
Funder
European Research Council
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
RESAS
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
Computational Theory and Mathematics,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Ecology,Modeling and Simulation,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Reference59 articles.
1. Physical root–soil interactions.;E Kolb;Physical Biology,2017
2. Plant cell wall extensibility: connecting plant cell growth with cell wall structure, mechanics, and the action of wall-modifying enzymes;DJ Cosgrove;Journal of experimental botany,2016
3. Root–soil friction: quantification provides evidence for measurable benefits for manipulation of root-tip traits.;B Mackenzie;Plant, Cell & Environment.,2013
4. Root Tip Shape Governs Root Elongation Rate under Increased Soil Strength;T Colombi;Plant Physiology,2017
5. Root elongation, water stress, and mechanical impedance: a review of limiting stresses and beneficial root tip traits;AG Bengough;Journal of experimental botany,2011