Toxoplasma gondii exploits the host ESCRT machinery for parasite uptake of host cytosolic proteins

Author:

Rivera-Cuevas Yolanda,Mayoral JoshuaORCID,Di Cristina ManlioORCID,Lawrence Anna-Lisa E.,Olafsson Einar B.,Patel Romir K.,Thornhill DishariORCID,Waldman Benjamin S.ORCID,Ono Akira,Sexton Jonathan Z.ORCID,Lourido SebastianORCID,Weiss Louis M.ORCID,Carruthers Vern B.ORCID

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a master manipulator capable of effectively siphoning the resources from the host cell for its intracellular subsistence. However, the molecular underpinnings of how the parasite gains resources from its host remain largely unknown. Residing within a non-fusogenic parasitophorous vacuole (PV), the parasite must acquire resources across the limiting membrane of its replicative niche, which is decorated with parasite proteins including those secreted from dense granules. We discovered a role for the host Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery in host cytosolic protein uptake by T. gondii by disrupting host ESCRT function. We identified the transmembrane dense granule protein TgGRA14, which contains motifs homologous to the late domain motifs of HIV-1 Gag, as a candidate for the recruitment of the host ESCRT machinery to the PV membrane. Using an HIV-1 virus-like particle (VLP) release assay, we found that the motif-containing portion of TgGRA14 is sufficient to substitute for HIV-1 Gag late domain to mediate ESCRT-dependent VLP budding. We also show that TgGRA14 is proximal to and interacts with host ESCRT components and other dense granule proteins during infection. Furthermore, analysis of TgGRA14-deficient parasites revealed a marked reduction in ingestion of a host cytosolic protein compared to WT parasites. Thus, we propose a model in which T. gondii recruits the host ESCRT machinery to the PV where it can interact with TgGRA14 for the internalization of host cytosolic proteins across the PV membrane (PVM). These findings provide new insight into how T. gondii accesses contents of the host cytosol by exploiting a key pathway for vesicular budding and membrane scission.

Funder

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

University of Perugia Fondo Ricerca Di Base 2019 program of the Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology

University of Michigan Life Sciences Program

University of Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research

U.S. National Institutes of Health

Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation

Publisher

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Subject

Virology,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology

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