Syrian hamster convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 confers measurable protection against the attenuated disease caused by the Omicron variant
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Published:2023-04-04
Issue:4
Volume:19
Page:e1011293
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ISSN:1553-7374
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Container-title:PLOS Pathogens
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language:en
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Short-container-title:PLoS Pathog
Author:
Ryan Kathryn A.ORCID, Bewley Kevin R., Watson Robert J., Burton Christopher, Carnell Oliver, Cavell Breeze E., Challis Amy, Coombes Naomi S., Davies Elizabeth R., Edun-Huges Jack, Emery Kirsty, Fell Rachel, Fotheringham Susan A., Gooch Karen E., Gowan Kathryn, Handley Alastair, Harris Debbie J., Hesp Richard, Hunter Laura, Humphreys Richard, Johnson Rachel, Kennard Chelsea, Knott Daniel, Lister Sian, Morley Daniel, Ngabo Didier, Osman Karen L., Paterson Jemma, Penn Elizabeth J., Pullan Steven T., Richards Kevin S., Summers Sian, Thomas Stephen R., Weldon Thomas, Wiblin Nathan R., Rayner Emma L., Vipond Richard T., Hallis Bassam, Salguero Francisco J., Funnell Simon G. P., Hall Yper
Abstract
The mutation profile of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (lineage BA.1) variant posed a concern for naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the ability of prior infection with an early SARS-CoV-2 ancestral isolate (Australia/VIC01/2020, VIC01) to protect against disease caused by BA.1. We established that BA.1 infection in naïve Syrian hamsters resulted in a less severe disease than a comparable dose of the ancestral virus, with fewer clinical signs including less weight loss. We present data to show that these clinical observations were almost absent in convalescent hamsters challenged with the same dose of BA.1 50 days after an initial infection with ancestral virus. These data provide evidence that convalescent immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 is protective against BA.1 in the Syrian hamster model of infection. Comparison with published pre-clinical and clinical data supports consistency of the model and its predictive value for the outcome in humans. Further, the ability to detect protection against the less severe disease caused by BA.1 demonstrates continued value of the Syrian hamster model for evaluation of BA.1-specific countermeasures.
Funder
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
Virology,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology
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