SEC14-like condensate phase transitions at plasma membranes regulate root growth in Arabidopsis

Author:

Liu Chen,Mentzelopoulou Andriani,Papagavriil Fotini,Ramachandran Prashanth,Perraki Artemis,Claus Lucas,Barg Sebastian,Dörmann Peter,Jaillais Yvon,Johnen Philipp,Russinova Eugenia,Gizeli Electra,Schaaf Gabriel,Moschou Panagiotis NikolaouORCID

Abstract

Protein function can be modulated by phase transitions in their material properties, which can range from liquid- to solid-like; yet, the mechanisms that drive these transitions and whether they are important for physiology are still unknown. In the model plant Arabidopsis, we show that developmental robustness is reinforced by phase transitions of the plasma membrane-bound lipid-binding protein SEC14-like. Using imaging, genetics, and in vitro reconstitution experiments, we show that SEC14-like undergoes liquid-like phase separation in the root stem cells. Outside the stem cell niche, SEC14-like associates with the caspase-like protease separase and conserved microtubule motors at unique polar plasma membrane interfaces. In these interfaces, SEC14-like undergoes processing by separase, which promotes its liquid-to-solid transition. This transition is important for root development, as lines expressing an uncleavable SEC14-like variant or mutants of separase and associated microtubule motors show similar developmental phenotypes. Furthermore, the processed and solidified but not the liquid form of SEC14-like interacts with and regulates the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED2. This work demonstrates that robust development can involve liquid-to-solid transitions mediated by proteolysis at unique plasma membrane interfaces.

Funder

Vetenskapsrådet

Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas

Hellenic Foundation for Research & Innovation (HFRI)-Always Strive for Excellence-Theodore Papazoglou

Hellenic Foundation for Research & Innovation

National Secretariat of research and innovation

H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH-IMBB) Start-Up Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Neuroscience

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