Evaluation of the community-based outpatient therapeutic feeding program implementation for managing children with severe acute malnutrition in Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed-method evaluation protocol

Abstract

Background Community-based outpatient therapeutic feeding program (C-OTP) in Ethiopia has been launched to manage uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by trained Health Extension Workers (HEWs). This program is believed to be the most effective strategy for reaching a large group of children suffering from SAM in rural and disadvantaged communities. Nonetheless, poor treatment outcomes, notably mortality and prolonged recovery time, become pressing public health problems, which could be a result of suboptimal implementation and poor service quality. Objectives To evaluate the implementation of C-OTP for managing uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in the Central Gondar Zone. Methods Multiple studies involving both qualitative and quantitative will be conducted. Availability of essential drugs and equipment, acceptability of the program by mothers/caregivers, health extension workers’ compliance to the treatment protocol, and treatment outcome will be assessed employing different methods. Likewise, knowledge of health extension workers about SAM diagnosis and management and their skills to diagnose and manage uncomplicated malnutrition will be determined. Health extension workers, mothers/caregivers, supervisors, and healthcare administrators will be enrolled in the study. Besides, children’s medical records registered between 2017 and 2020 will be reviewed to determine the treatment outcome. The data will be collected using pretested self-administered and face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires. Similarly, focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, and observation checklists will be applied. Binary logistic regression analysis will be conducted, while the qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic content analysis. Discussion Severe acute malnutrition is a public health problem that remains the underlying cause for over half of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. As a result, community-based therapeutic care has been launched in the country to address these problems and maximize population-level impact by improving treatment coverage, access, and cost-effectiveness. Despite its achievement, the program has been threatened with unfavourable treatment outcomes and a shortfall of resources. Hence, this implementation evaluation study will also identify gaps between healthcare systems and service users. The output will help programmers pass evidence-based and sound decisions to tackle the key barriers.