Spatial analysis of malaria hotspots in Dilla sub-watershed: Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Background This study aimed to examine the spatial variations in malaria hotspots along Dilla sub-watershed in western Ethiopia based on environmental factors for the prevalence; and compare the risk level along with districts and their respective kebele. The purpose was to identify the extent of the community’s exposure to the risk of malaria due to their geographical and biophysical situations, and the results contribute to proactive interventions to halt the impacts. Methods The descriptive survey design was used in this study. Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency based meteorological data, digital elevation model, and soil and hydrological data were integrated with other primary data such as the observations of the study area for ground truthing. The spatial analysis tools and software were used for watershed delineation, generating malaria risk map for all variables, reclassification of factors, weighted overlay analysis, and generation of risk maps. Results The findings of the study reveal that the significant spatial variations in magnitudes of malaria risk have persisted in the watershed due to discrepancy in their geographical and biophysical situations. Accordingly, significant areas in most of the districts in the watershed are characterized by high and moderate in malaria risks. In general, out of the total area of the watershed which accounts 2773 km2, about 54.8% (1522km2) identified as high and moderate malaria risk area. These areas are explicitly identified and mapped along with the districts and kebele in the watershed to make the result suitable for planning proactive interventions and other decision making. Conclusions The research output may help the government and humanitarian organizations to prioritize the interventions based on identified spatial situations in severity of malaria risks. The study was aimed only for hotspot analysis which may not provide inclusive account for community’s vulnerability to malaria. Thus, the findings in this study needs to be integrated with the socio-economic and other relevant data for better malaria management in the area. Therefore, future research should comprehend the analysis of vulnerability to the impacts of malaria through integrating the level of exposure to the risk, for instance identified in this study, with factors of sensitivity and adaptation capacity of the local community.