Atherogenic dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among hypertensive patients of five health facilities in Northeast Ethiopia

Abstract

Background One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is atherogenic dyslipidemia. There was, however, little information available in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and related risk factors in Northeast Ethiopian hypertension patients. Materials and methods A systematic random sampling technique was used to perform a cross-sectional study at an institution with 384 chosen participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the respondents. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson’s Chi-square test were employed to compare groups based on the type of data. Furthermore, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with dyslipidemia. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed. In all cases, statistical significance was declared at p <0.05. Results The majority (93.2%; 95%CI: 90.6–95.6) of patients had at least one atherogenic dyslipidemia. The prevalence of elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated triglyceride (TG), raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were 47.7%, 50.3%, 44.3%, and 59.6%, respectively. Being≥ 40 years were at higher risk for having elevated levels of TC (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.40–4.32), TG (AOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.61–3.79), and LDL-c (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.0–10.95) than those who were below 40years. Obese participants were more likely to have high concentrations of TC (AOR: 2.57, 95%CI: 2.10–3.22), LDL-c (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.97–5.10), HDL-c (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.77–4.58), and TG (AOR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.79–4.16). Conclusion This study revealed that a high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Thus, to prevent atherogenic dyslipidemia, it is crucial to create routine blood lipid testing programs and carry out suitable intervention programs focused on risk factor reduction.