Acute coronary syndrome versus acute myocarditis in young adults–value of speckle tracking echocardiography

Abstract

Purpose Comparing myocarditis with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-like presentation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) poses an important clinical challenge. The purpose of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the clinical, laboratory and especially echocardiographic characteristics including speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) of patients with ACS-like myocarditis and AMI. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis comparing 69 symptomatic patients (≤ 45 years old), hospitalized at the Department of Interventional Cardiology (Medical University of Lodz, Poland) between April 2014 and June 2021 with an initial diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Results 37 patients with the cardiac magnetic resonance–confirmed acute myocarditis and 32 patients diagnosed with AMI based on the clinical presentation, electrocardiogram and the presence of a culprit lesion on the coronary angiography were analysed including echocardiography parameters. On STE analysis an average global longitudinal (GLS), radial and circumferential strain including three—layers observation were significantly lower (absolute value) in patients with AMI versus acute myocarditis (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in Endo/Epi ratio (p = 0.144) between the groups. An average GLS < (-17.5) represented the optimal cut-off value for the myocarditis diagnosis. Conclusion In patients with AMI a significant reduction of global and three-layers strains compared to patients with myocarditis was detected. Furthermore, our analysis also confirmed the discriminative pattern of myocardial injury between the groups.