Factors associated with non-specific low back pain in field hockey: A cross-sectional study of Premier and Division One players

Abstract

Objective To determine the extent to which various factors are associated with greater or lesser odds of reporting non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in field hockey. Methods To meet the objective of the study, a cross-sectional study design was used with a purposive sampling strategy. A total of 194 responses (~18% of those accessible) from Premier and Division One players within the UK were received using a UK-based online survey. Data collected included information on NS-LBP, participant characteristics, injury history, training related factors, and work and personal factors. The overall and category-specific prevalence of NS-LBP was calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used in conjunction with clinical value to identify associations. Results The overall prevalence of NS-LBP was 44.0%, with this varying from 23.5 to 70.0% for categories with responses of “yes” and “no” to experiencing NS-LBP. A total of ten individual factors associated with a greater odds ratio (OR) of reporting NS-LBP (OR = 1.43–7.39) were identified in Premier and Division One players. Five individual factors were associated with reduced odds (OR = 0.11–0.60) of reporting NS-LBP. Seven factors (age, stature, playing position, playing internationally, performing a drag flick, low back stiffness/tightness and occupational factors) were deemed particularly pertinent to those working in field hockey given the magnitude of association and clinical value to clinicians. Conclusions Clinicians working in field hockey can consider the key risk factors identified in this study that are associated with NS-LBP when assessing injury risk, movement screening approaches, and overall athlete management.