Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey towards pneumococcal infection and vaccination among primary health care physicians, Ukraine, 2021

Abstract

Background The Ukrainian Ministerial Order (UMO) recommends pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) in risk groups but not free-of-charge resulting in coverage <5% (crude estimation). In 2022, the vaccination calendar will include PCV for children <5years. Doctors’ pneumococcal knowledge, attitudes and practices (КAP) are paramount to successful roll-out but unexplored. We surveyed doctors aiming to assess their KAP to address gaps and misconceptions and support PCV implementation. Methods In March 2021, we selected and surveyed primary care doctors using simple random sampling and structured self-administered online questionnaire. We measured attitudes (importance, effectiveness, safety) and practices using 5-point Likert-type questions. We defined pneumococcal disease (PD) knowledge as low/moderate (<80%) and high (≥80%), PCV and overall knowledge as low (≤50%) and moderate/high (51–100%) and PCV attitudes and practices as negative/neutral (1.0–3.4) and positive (3.5–5.0). We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using Poisson regression. Results The response rate was 46% (286/628). Females represented 85% (243/285); the median age was 47 (interquartile range: 33–59, N = 281) years. Twenty-six percent (72/277) had high PD knowledge associated with age (>47 years: PR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.30–0.90) and child-related UMO awareness (PR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.04–3.08); 65% (182/278) had moderate/high PCV knowledge associated with positive attitudes towards PCV effectiveness (PR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.20–3.59). Overall knowledge was moderate/high in 69% (188/271); 83% (220/265) had positive PCV attitudes; 52% (135/258) had positive practices associated with female sex (PR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.09–4.09), positive attitudes (PR = 3.40, 95%CI: 1.23–9.39) and perception of vaccine supply as medium/big barrier (PR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.02–2.72). Conclusion We observed moderate pneumococcal knowledge, especially in older doctors, positive PCV attitudes and neutral practices. Females and doctors with positive attitudes recommended PCV more. For successful PCV implementation, we recommend proper planning and prior educational activities targeting patients and primary care doctors, especially older males, to improve knowledge, introduce PCV and address concerns while ensuring uninterrupted vaccine supply.