Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and its associated factors among HIV patients attending art clinic at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Dessie, North East Ethiopia

Abstract

Globally the incidence of nosocomial infections and colonization due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become greater concern. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of nasal carriage of MRSA with its antimicrobial susceptibility patter among HIV patients attending ART clinic. cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01 to May 30, 2020 at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, north east Ethiopia. A total of 206 HIV patients were recruited by applying systematic random sampling technique. Nasal specimen was collected from both anterior nares, and inoculated directly on mannitol salt agar, MacConkey, 5% blood agar. Screening of MRSA and methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain was done by using cefoxitin antibiotic disc following modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associated factors with S. aureus and MRSA. study participants were in the age range between 12 and 72 years and their mean (±SD) age was 41.52 (±11.2). The rate of S. aureus and MRSA colonization was 127/206 (61.7%) and 58/206 (28.2%), respectively. Having job close contact with human [AOR = 4.41; 95% CI = 1.5–13.02; p = 0.007], picking the nose [AOR = 4.38; 95% CI = 1.34–14.29; p = 0.014] and ART failure [AOR = 7.41; 95% CI = 2.08–26.41; p = 0.002] had statistically significant association with MRSA colonization. MRSA showed resistance for tetracycline (53.4%), erythromycin (84.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86.2%). Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) was detected among 96.5% of MRSA and 20.3% of MSSA isolates. the rate of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization was high and it has associated with different factors. Understanding and managing MRSA among HIV patients is mandatory and stakeholders should find out the way how to decolonize the bacteria from nasal area.