Genetic targeting of Card19 is linked to disrupted NINJ1 expression, impaired cell lysis, and increased susceptibility to Yersinia infection

Author:

Bjanes ElisabetORCID,Sillas Reyna Garcia,Matsuda Rina,Demarco BenjaminORCID,Fettrelet TimothéeORCID,DeLaney Alexandra A.ORCID,Kornfeld Opher S.,Lee Bettina L.,Rodríguez López Eric M.ORCID,Grubaugh DanielORCID,Wynosky-Dolfi Meghan A.ORCID,Philip Naomi H.,Krespan Elise,Tovar Dorothy,Joannas LeonelORCID,Beiting Daniel P.ORCID,Henao-Mejia Jorge,Schaefer Brian C.ORCID,Chen Kaiwen W.ORCID,Broz PetrORCID,Brodsky Igor E.ORCID

Abstract

Cell death plays a critical role in inflammatory responses. During pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases cleave Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to release an N-terminal fragment that generates plasma membrane pores that mediate cell lysis and IL-1 cytokine release. Terminal cell lysis and IL-1β release following caspase activation can be uncoupled in certain cell types or in response to particular stimuli, a state termed hyperactivation. However, the factors and mechanisms that regulate terminal cell lysis downstream of GSDMD cleavage remain poorly understood. In the course of studies to define regulation of pyroptosis during Yersinia infection, we identified a line of Card19-deficient mice (Card19lxcn) whose macrophages were protected from cell lysis and showed reduced apoptosis and pyroptosis, yet had wild-type levels of caspase activation, IL-1 secretion, and GSDMD cleavage. Unexpectedly, CARD19, a mitochondrial CARD-containing protein, was not directly responsible for this, as an independently-generated CRISPR/Cas9 Card19 knockout mouse line (Card19Null) showed no defect in macrophage cell lysis. Notably, Card19 is located on chromosome 13, immediately adjacent to Ninj1, which was recently found to regulate cell lysis downstream of GSDMD activation. RNA-seq and western blotting revealed that Card19lxcn BMDMs have significantly reduced NINJ1 expression, and reconstitution of Ninj1 in Card19lxcn immortalized BMDMs restored their ability to undergo cell lysis in response to caspase-dependent cell death stimuli. Card19lxcn mice exhibited increased susceptibility to Yersinia infection, whereas independently-generated Card19Null mice did not, demonstrating that cell lysis itself plays a key role in protection against bacterial infection, and that the increased infection susceptibility of Card19lxcn mice is attributable to loss of NINJ1. Our findings identify genetic targeting of Card19 being responsible for off-target effects on the adjacent gene Ninj1, disrupting the ability of macrophages to undergo plasma membrane rupture downstream of gasdermin cleavage and impacting host survival and bacterial control during Yersinia infection.

Funder

Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Burroughs Wellcome Fund

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Publisher

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Subject

Virology,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology

Reference103 articles.

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