Behavioral, electrocorticographic and electrocardiologic changes in Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) in the effect of cunaniol

Abstract

The Clibadium spp. is a shrub of occurrence in the Amazon, popularly known as Cunambi. The compounds in the leaves demonstrate ichthyotoxic properties, and its major substance, cunaniol, is a powerful central nervous system stimulant with proconvulsant activity. Few current studies relate behavioral changes to the electrophysiological profile of fish poisoning. This study aimed to describe the behavioral, electromyographic, electroencephalographic, electrocardiographic, and seizure control characteristics of anticonvulsant drugs in Colossoma macropomum submitted to cunaniol intoxication during bathing containing 0.3 μg/L cunaniol. The behavioral test showed rapid evolution presenting excitability and spasms, which were confirmed by the analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), and changes in cardiac function detected in the ECG. Cunaniol-induced excitability control was evaluated using three anticonvulsant agents: Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, and Diazepam. While phenytoin was not effective in seizure control, diazepam proved to be the most efficient. These results demonstrate the susceptibility of Colossoma macropomum to cunaniol poisoning, given that the central nervous system and electrocardiographic changes were considered severe.