Mastication inefficiency due to diminished or lack of occlusal support is associated with increased blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background It has been shown that mastication may contribute to a lower risk of diabetes, and occlusal support reduced the risk of diabetes by improving glucose metabolism after meals. However, the relationship between inefficient mastication and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This retrospective study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between mastication inefficiency due to diminished occlusal support and blood glucose control in subjects with T2D. Methods Ninety-four subjects (mean of 54.9 years) were recruited in this study. Subjects with at least 1-year T2D medical history and current medications for T2D were included. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: The control group (41 subjects) included Eichner group A (4 occlusal functional areas in the posterior area). The test group (53 subjects) included Eichner group B (1–3 occlusal functional areas) and group C (no natural occlusal contact). Blood glucose level was significantly lower in the control group participants than in the test group. Subject(s) showing diminished or lack of occlusal support and requiring a fixed restoration were treated with an implant-supported fixed restoration. These groups’ levels of glycated hemoglobin (A1c) were compared using the independent student t-test. Results Blood glucose level was significantly lower in the control group (7.48) as compared to those in the test group (9.42). The mean differences between the two groups were 1.94 ± 0.39 (p = 0.0001). Differences in white blood cell counts and body mass index (BMI) were not statistically significant between groups. Blood glucose levels could be reduced (from A1c 9.1 to 6.2) following a fixed implant-supported restoration in T2D patients with diminished occlusal support. Conclusion The results suggested that masticatory inefficiency due to diminished dental occlusion was associated with an increase in poor controlled-blood glucose levels among T2D patients.