Depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Selangor, Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemics and their associated factors

Abstract

Introduction This study aims to assess the impacts of COVID-19 pandemics among university students in Malaysia, by identifying the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among them and their respective predictors. Methodology An online cross-sectional study was conducted via non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, COVID-19 related influences. Mental health status was assessed with depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). Results 388 students participated this study (72.4% female; 81.7% Bachelor’s student). The prevalence of moderate to severe depression, anxiety and stress among university students are 53.9%, 66.2% and 44.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the odds of depression were lower among students who exercise at least 3 times per week (OR: 0.380, 95% CI: 0.203–0.711). The odd ratio of student who had no personal history of depression to had depression, anxiety and stress during this pandemic was also lower in comparison (OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.249–0.962; OR: 0.482, 95% CI: 0.241–0.963; OR: 0.252, 95% CI: 0.111–0.576). Surprisingly, students whose are currently pursuing Master study was associated with lower stress levels (OR: 0.188, 95% CI: 0.053–0.663). However, student who had poorer satisfaction of current learning experience were more likely to experience stress (OR: 1.644, 95% CI: 1.010–2.675). Limitations It is impossible to establish causal relationships between variables on mental health outcomes, and there is a risk of information bias. Conclusion The prevalence of mental health issues among university students is high. These findings present essential pieces of predictive information when promoting related awareness among them.