Lobar emphysema ratio of more than 1% in the lobe with lung cancer as poor predictor for recurrence and overall survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the lobar emphysema ratio (LER) and tumor recurrence and survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We enrolled 258 patients with surgically proven stage I NSCLC. These patients underwent noncontrast chest CT, and pulmonary lobe segmentation and lobar emphysema quantification were performed using commercially available software. We assessed the LER in the lobe with lung cancer. We divided the patients into two groups according to the LER, and the cut-off value was 1. Furthermore, we analyzed the disease-free survival of high LER and other clinical factors after surgical resection. Results The 258 patients were divided into two groups: low LER (n = 195) and high LER (n = 63). The right upper lobe was the most frequent location in lung cancer and the most severe location in emphysema. In the Kaplan‒Meier curve, high LER showed a significantly lower disease-free survival (8.21 ± 0.27 years vs 6.53 ± 0.60 years, p = 0.005) and overall survival (9.56 ± 0.15 years vs. 8.51 ± 0.49 years, p = 0.011) than low LER. Stage Ib (2.812 [1.661–4.762], p<0.001) and high LER (2.062 [1.191–3.571], p = 0.010) were poor predictors for disease-free survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Stage Ib (4.729 [1.674–13.356], p = 0.003) and high LER (3.346 [1.208–9.269], p = 0.020) were significant predictors for overall survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion A LER of more than 1% in the lobe with lung cancer is a poor predictor for cancer recurrence and overall survival in patients with stage I NSCLC.