Access to essential psychotropic medicines in Addis Ababa: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Mental disorders are becoming a growing public health problem worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Regular and adequate supplies of appropriate, safe, and affordable medications are required to provide quality mental health services. However, significant proportions of the population with severe mental disorders are not getting access to treatment. Among others, the availability and affordability of psychotropic medicines are significant barriers for many patients in meeting their medication needs. This study aimed to assess the availability, prices, and affordability of essential psychotropic medicines in the private and public health sectors of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used in 60 retail medicine outlets from the public and private sectors. Stratified random and quota sampling were applied to select the retail outlets. Data was entered and analyzed using the preprogrammed WHO/HAI workbook and SPSS V.25. Results The mean availability of Lower Priced Generic (LPG) psychotropic medicines was 24.33% in Addis Ababa (28.7% in the public sector and 19.80% in the private sector). The Patient prices for the LPG ranged from 0.52–6.43 MPRs in public and 1.08–24.28 MPRs in private sectors. Standard treatment costs varied from 0.1–7.8 days’ wages in public and 0.8–25 days’ wages in private sectors for the lowest-paid government worker to purchase a month’s supply. Conclusions Essential psychotropic medicines were poorly available, with high prices and low affordability in Addis Ababa. An efficient supply across all levels of care and financial protection for essential medicines should be in place to ensure access.