Anxiety and its risk factors among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing COVID-19 situation: A cross-sectional survey
Author:
Luu Mai Ngoc, Imoto Atsuko, Matsuo Yoshimi, Huy Nguyen TienORCID, Qarawi Ahmad, Alhady Shamael Thabit MohammedORCID, Truong Le Van, Yoshino RyujiORCID, Duc Nguyen Tran Minh, Tabei Kozue, Lu Yixiao, Singh Manmeet Kaur, Truong Mai Phuong, Dumre Shyam Prakash, Rocha Ian Christopher NaungayanORCID, Hung I-ChunORCID, Fudo Akane, Sato Miho, Kansakar SajogORCID, Tsukamoto Akiko, Komatsu Aiko, Cai Guoxi, Moji Kazuhiko, Khongyot Thanawat, Mogan Saruveish, Soukdavone Souksavath, Hartuti Endah Dwi, Thidatheb Kounnavong, Honda Shiho, Woo Hyunjae, Lama Nitu, Huynh Vy Thi Nhat, Khoa Huynh Le Anh, Abbas Kirellos Said, Monib Fatma A., Omran Hoda Aly Mohamed, Rezq Chiristine Samuel, Qatora Mostafa Shehata, Jia Ng Sze, Morena Graca Jaqueline Vanessa, Miranda Adriana Viola, Ngo Huynh Minh-Trang, Ota Junko, Minjung Kim, An Jaemin, Vorlasane Latdavanh, Gunasegaran Kesshinee, Zulkefli Fazureen, Lima Girón Belen de Jesús, Bhattachan Punita Gauchan, Dumre Renu Bhandari, Pandey Kishor, Yamashita Sarina, Seposo Aden Kay Celis, Zabala Jayson, Riva-Moscoso Adrián, Ordóñez Joyce Nicole Pineda, Uitrakul Suriyon, Principe-Meneses Fortunato S., Dila Kadek Agus Surya
Abstract
Introduction
In the context of collective efforts taken in Japan to control the spread of COVID-19, the state of emergency and social distancing have caused a negative impact on the mental health of all residents, including foreign communities in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anxiety and its associated factors among non-Japanese residents residing in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A web-based survey in 13 languages was conducted among non-Japanese residents living in Japan during the COVID-19 situation. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory assessed the level of anxiety–State (STAI-S) scores prorated from its six-item version. The multivariable logistic regression using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method was performed to identify the associated factors of anxiety among participants.
Results
From January to March 2021, we collected 392 responses. A total of 357 valid responses were analyzed. 54.6% of participants suffered from clinically significant anxiety (CSA). In multivariable logistic model analysis, the CSA status or the high level of anxiety was associated with three factors, including having troubles/difficulties in learning or working, decreased sleep duration, and decreased overall physical health (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Our study suggests several possible risk factors of anxiety among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing the COVID-19 pandemic, including the troubles or difficulties in learning or working, the decrease in sleep duration, and the decrease in overall physical health.
Funder
Japan Network for Public Interest Activities
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Reference29 articles.
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