PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF THE ORGAN OF VISION IN CHILDREN: ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

Abstract

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the growing prevalence of ophthalmic pathology among children, in particular, the growing prevalence of refractive errors in early and older adolescence. The results of scientific research prove the presence of a direct correlation between the growth of the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology and the growth of the child's age and the amount of visual stress, which is primarily related to the educational process during school education. The effective organization of medical care should take into account modern medical and preventive technologies of early preventive intervention, as well as be comprehensive with the involvement of medical specialists (pediatric ophthalmologists, family doctors) and educators, family members, parents of the child for effective support and leveling of managed risk factors for the development of ophthalmic pathology. Aim: to study the modern organizational principles of preserving the health of eye care of children, to clarify the medical and social aspects of the formation of the burden of ophthalmic pathology from childhood in different countries of the world. Materials and methods. The materials for the research were publications of the results of modern scientific research on the study of medical and social aspects of preserving the ophthalmic health of children, the peculiarities of the organization of providing medical and preventive care to children with visual impairments. The methods for carrying out scientific research were: system approach and system analysis, as well as content analysis. Results of the study prove the prospects for the implementation of medical and preventive strategies in the provision of primary and specialized ophthalmic medical care, in view of the significant medical and social burden of ophthalmopathology, the distribution of nosologies by class of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, which are most often found in certain age groups of the children's population, is presented. It has been proven that compliance with the optimal periodicity of medical and preventive examinations is necessary for the majority of ophthalmological nosologies diagnosed since childhood and involves long-term supervision. In children of preschool, preschool and early school age, efforts at early prevention and diagnosis of such ophthalmological nosologies as: refraction anomalies (astigmatism, hypermetropia, myopia) are justified. strabismus and amblyopia; accommodation disorders; lack of convergence. Untreated or untimely detected refraction anomaly, strabismus, amblyopia can lead to the development of irreversible loss of visual functions, blindness and even inhibition of the formation of the visual system with distorted perception of visual information, which without timely correction lead to the appearance of complications, progression of strabismus, decrease in visual acuity, amblyopia , asthenopia, headache and deterioration of general well-being. Conclusion. The important medico-social importance of disorders of visual functions in childhood is a serious problem for the health care system, public health and ophthalmology service, in particular. Reasoned expediency of applying measures to level the managed risk factors against the background of intersectoral interaction of doctors, educators, the child himself and his family. This approach allows you to prevent the negative impact of ophthalmic pathology on academic performance, activate physical development, and promote harmonious personality development.