CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME. REVIEW

Abstract

Background.  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. On another hand, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in patients with CVD, and can worsen the patients prognosis due to late diagnosis.  Aim: to analyze and summarize the published researches about interrelation between CVD and OSAS, its influence on CVD, and the effects of continuous airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSAS on CVD in order to pay attention to OSAS potential risks, improve the investigation of this syndrome and management. Materials and methods. Review of scientific literature in the international electronic scientometric databases PubMed, Google Scholar by key words for the period 2008-2023. The search was carried out by two independent authors. 150 sources were selected, 48 English–language articles of which met all the search criteria and  were used for analysis. Results. OSAS is one of the widespread sleep disorders that frequently occurs in patients with CVD, impairs quality of life. Its increases cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. OSAS is observed in patients with arterial hypertension in 30-83%, coronary heart disease in 38-65%, stroke in 57-65%, heart failure in 12-55%, heart rhythm disorders - in 20-50%. In addition, the relationship between OSAS and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, depression, and cognitive impairment has been established. OSAS is often not diagnosed or not diagnosed in time. Thus, there are data that 86-95% OSAS, clinically manifestated, were  missed diagnosis, that  worsens the prognosis of such patients. Conclusions. OSAS is a common sleep breathing disorder in patients with CVD that is often diagnosed late. Most studies have shown that OSAS worsens the CVD course and outcomes. Therefore early diagnosis and timely appropriate treatment reduce morbidity and mortality.