DETERMINISTIC BEHAVIORAL AND ANAMNESTIC RISK FACTORS INDUCING MISCARRIAGE (according to the results of a sociological study)

Abstract

Background. Every year there are 23 million miscarriages and approximately 15 million premature babies are born in the world. Prematurity induces an increase in the hospitalization of newborns, creates a significant economic burden on families and the burden on health care systems, and increases the risk of developing psychological and mental disorders, which determines this pathology as a priority in the search for ways to solve it. Aim: to establish the most significant behavioral risk factors for miscarriage, which are actually modifiable, which will be one of the key elements in solving the problem of preventing miscarriage. Materials and methods. During the scientific study, two groups of women were formed. The study group consisted of 403 women after spontaneous abortion, premature birth or threatened miscarriage, and the control group included 402 women with a physiological gestation course and parturient women with a full-term pregnancy. Results. According to the results of the study, theку was a significant impact of an external stress factor during pregnancy, noted by 23.08% [19.1-27.31] and 3.73% [2.10-5.80] of the respondents of the study and control groups, respectively (p <0.01), as well as nervous system overload at the workplace, noted by 42.43% [37.65-47.29] and 29.35% [25.01-33.9] of women, respectively (p<0.01). The negative impact of physical activity such as running or jogging, as well as professional sports, which were indicated by 17.87% [14.28-21.75] and 8.71% [6.15-11.66], and 6 .20% [4.06-8.76] and 2.24% [1.02-3.91] of the respondents of the study and control groups, respectively (p<0.01), have been proven. It was established that the proportion of females who drank wine was 39.70% [34.98-44.52] in the study group, while they were 17.66% [14.09-21.54] (p<0.01) in the control group, and the share of women who drank low-alcohol beverages was twice as prevalent in the control group, 13.93% [10.72-17.48] compared to 7.20% [4.88-9.92] in the study group (p<0.01). The preventive effect of additional intake of micronutrients, namely folic acid and iodine, was noted. 37.47% [32.81-42.25] of women in the study group took folic acid at 400 μg per day from the moment they found out about their pregnancy until the end of the 16th week of pregnancy, which was 1.4 times less than in the control group, accounting for 51.00% [46.11-55.87] (p<0.01). Only a quarter of 25.06% [20.96-29.41] women of the study group and almost half of 45.27% [40.44-50.15] women of the control group (p<0.01) took iodine supplements containing 200 μg of iodine per day from the beginning to the end of pregnancy. The expediency of limiting sexual life during critical periods of pregnancy, namely during the 8-12, 18-22, and 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, was proven, as noted by 31.27% [26.84-35.87] of the respondents of the study group and 47.26% [42.4-52.15] of subjects in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the most significant behavioral risk factors were established, which are mainly manageable and modifiable. The obtained results will be used in the formation of groups with an increased risk of miscarriage among women of reproductive age and in the development of a personalized risk-oriented model for the prevention of miscarriage.