THE ROLE OF CATESTATIN IN THE REGULATION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS. Review

Abstract

Relevance. Cardiovascular diseases occupy leading positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality both in Ukraine and in other countries. Metabolic disorders are one of the leading risk factors for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In accordance with the above-mentioned special attention should be paid to catestatin, which regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, that determines its diagnostic potential in the management of diseases, which are accompanied by metabolic dysregulation. Objective: Determination of the diagnostic potential of catestatin in the management of diseases associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome, in accordance with its role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis based on the analysis of data literature sources. Methods. Analysis of the research results by reviewing electronic scientometric databases PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords. Results. The influence of catestatin on the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases is analyzed. The general characteristic of catestatin and its physiological properties is given. The effect of catestatin on carbohydrate metabolism due to its insulin-like action is studied, which in combination with antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of catestatin determines its role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The property of catestatin to regulate cardiometabolic homeostasis by modulating the bioenergetic activity of the myocardium is noted. Mechanisms of regulation of fat metabolism by catestatin are established, in particular, realization of its lipolytic effect due to suppression of α2-adrenoreceptors and regulation of adrenergic and leptin signaling. Correlations between catestatin levels and lipid profile and anthropometric data are considered. Typical changes in catestatin levels at the development of cardiometabolic diseases are defined. Conclusions. Catestatin has metabolic effects, in particular, participates in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which determines its prognostic role in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases.