EUROPEAN APPROACHES AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POTENTIAL HARMONIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION INTO DOMESTIC LEGISLATION

Abstract

Background. The usage of pesticides against pests is also accompanied by potential negative effects on non-target organisms. The risk of harm to biodiversity is quite significant. Implementation of ecological and hygienic monitoring strategies, which is quite effectively applied in the countries of the European Union, will allow to reduce potential threats, financial costs and unforeseen consequences for beneficial insects, birds, aquatic organisms, etc. Aim: analysis of European approaches and regulatory mechanisms of ecological and hygienic monitoring from the standpoint of potential harmonization and implementation in Ukrainian legislation field. Materials and methods. Data from the literature and regulatory documents of the European Union in the field of environmental assessment and ecological and hygienic monitoring were used for the analysis. An array of literary sources was analyzed, which included the most relevant, up-to-date articles over the past 5 years and valid regulatory documents that have the greatest potential for implementation into the national regulatory framework. Results. In the EU and the US, a strict risk assessment process is in place to obtain permission to use pesticides, taking into account the potential impact on non-target organisms. Risk assessment of the use of chemical plant protection on the ecosystem and monitoring of the condition of non-target kinds of objects in the territories of intensive agricultural management is carried out at the stage of pre-registration tests. State regulatory agencies primarily require data on average lethal doses and concentrations for some bird kinds (Colinus virginianus, Anas platrynchos, Perdix perdix, Coturnix japonica). However, there are studies that describe the effects on smaller songbirds that are more sensitive to acute poisoning, therefore, to consider the established standards only for large birds is rather imperfect and needs to be refined in Ukrainian practice in the future. The European rules of environmental risk assessment (ERA) have undergone significant changes in recent decades, which have caused many scientists to worry about insufficient plant protection, slow implementation of scientific developments, simplification of environmental relevance and priority. Also, in many normative documents on pesticides, a political trail is traced, which is sometimes difficult to define and measure. Conclusion. The adoption and implementation of new laws in the field of chemical plant protection in the EU countries are the basis for improving the legislation of Ukraine in this field and ensuring state regulation in the handling of pesticides and agrochemicals.