Edible ants in Vietnam: Identification and indigenous knowledge

Abstract

Ants play crucial roles in various ecosystems; and some species are esteemed as a food source in rural regions of developing countries. We investigated edible ants and their use in Lao Cai, Phu Tho, Bac Kan, Nghe An, and Dak Lak provinces, Vietnam. Field surveys and interviews were conducted to identify common ant species, gather nests, and document local knowledge and cultural practices. Four predominant ant species were identified: Crematogaster rogenhoferi, Oecophylla smaragdina, Odontoponera denticulata, and Polyrhachis proxima. Utilization patterns varied, with C. rogenhoferi and O. smaragdina being extensively used across regions, while consumption of O. denticulata and P. proxima was localized. This study highlights the nutritional value of ant-derived products and sustainable harvesting initiatives implemented by local communities. The results of this research contribute new insights for understanding the cultural significance and ecological implications of ant consumption, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts alongside human utilization.