1. Adler, P.H. (2024) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 145.
2. Belyaevsky, P.E. (1890) Irtysh. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional volumes). – St. Petersburg, 1907. [In Russian].
3. Crosskey, R.W., Adler, P.H., Zunming, W., & Chengyu, D. (1996) A taxonomic and faunistic summary of the midges of China (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Natural History, 30 (3), 407–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770221.
4. Carlsson G. (1967) Environmental factors influencing blackfly populations. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 37 (1), 139–150.
5. Isimbekov, Zh.M. (1995) Annotated systematic catalogue of midges (Diptera, Simuliidae) of Eastern Kazakhstan. Problems of morphology, biology and ecology of animals in Kazakhstan. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Abai Kunanbayev. Semipalatinsk, 2, 90–102. [In Russian].