BUSINESS MODELS OF UKRAINIAN SAVINGS BANKS

Abstract

In the banking system, savings banks represent a special component, as they form their resource base mainly due to the accumulation of population savings. Problem Statement. Ukrainian savings banks are a factor in ensuring financial stability, but at the same time they are vulnerable to depositors’ panic in conditions of systemic stresses. Therefore, the analysis of their activities is important for understanding the prospects of the banking system. Savings banks in Ukraine differ significantly in scale and level of business technology. Leading savings banks are planned by the state for privatization, so they are designed to improve their investment attractiveness, at the same time, the status of state ownership gives such banks additional advantages in the market. The purpose is a comparative analysis of the business models of savings banks in Ukraine and the behavior of such banks on the market. Methods. The authors used the methods of comparative analysis, logical generalization, analysis and synthesis. Results. In Ukraine, savings banks are divided by origin into two categories ( state and private capital), and by a business model into those, focused on lending to business clients and those with a balanced composition of the loan portfolio. The monopoly of the state bank was broken by the entry of banks with private capital to the market. Savings banks are identified based on the ratio of funds raised by individuals to the total amount of balances on customer accounts. A blueprint of two business models for the savings bank segment was built, the structure of assets and liabilities, the development of the branch network and market positions in terms of deposits were compared. The analysis of the efficiency of a sample of savings banks was carried out and compared with the indicators of the banking system (profitability, return on operating expenses, profitability of the loan portfolio, cost of funds of individuals, the branching of branch network), as well as the impact of the business model on the investment attractiveness of banks was assessed, the volumes of savings and allocation of funds in loans to individuals were compared. Conclusions. The research made it possible to identify a specific group of banks with heterogeneous business models: firstly, banks that use public funds mainly to finance business clients, secondly, banks that have a relatively balanced credit portfolio for individuals and legal entities. The segment of Ukrainian savings banks is clearly dominated by two large state-owned banks, and given the state of war and citizens' trust in the state itself, there is no reason to expect a change in leaders. Digitization of products and processes will allow savings banks to compensate for the reduction of the branch network, but other banks also take advantage of this opportunity. and return on investment in technological innovation projects will bring effect in the medium term. To a large extent, the amount of savings accumulated by banks depends on two factors - customer trust and assessment of service quality. Savings bank managers should pay primary attention to this. Excessively high dependence of banks on the funds of individuals can be considered as a disadvantage, rather than as an advantage, if a bank itself works inefficiently.