Economic essence of state enterprises, their types and classification

Abstract

In the article proves the prominent role of state enterprises as an important tool of nation’s socio-economic development. The definition "state enterprise" are investigated in the economic point. The types of state enterprises are analyses on the basis of various normative documents and classifiers and according to international standards. Peculiarities of activity of unitary and corporate state enterprises, state-owned enterprises, communal enterprises are considered. The classification of types of state enterprises has been improved through the separation of various classification indicators, with their systematization, in particular: types of state property (state, state-owned, communal); institutional indicators (state non-financial corporations, state financial corporations); goals of enterprise formation (state enterprises with commercial goals of formation; state enterprises with non-commercial goals of formation; state enterprises with mixed goals); ownership structure and number of owners (unitary, corporate); the size of the share of state ownership (enterprises that are fully owned by the state, enterprises where the state owns a significant share of shares - more than 50%, where the state has the right to make decisions); legal form of the enterprise (open joint-stock companies, closed joint-stock companies, corporations, holdings, concerns, etc.). Proposed classification of types of state-owned enterprises creates a methodological basis for the implementation of mechanisms for operational control over the efficiency of state property. The dynamics of the number of state-owned enterprises in Ukraine is analyzed and the main tendencies are determined. The peculiarities of the activity of state enterprises in the context of state functions performed by them are determined. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of state-owned enterprises in two areas: economic and social. The tasks of state enterprises depending on the purposes of their creation and spheres of functioning are substantiated as well.