1. J. Perlman, Favela: Four Decades of Living on the Edge in Rio de Janeiro., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
2. A. Sen, Developmen as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
3. H. Tabatai and M. Fouad, The Incidence of Poverty in Developing Countries: an ILO Compendium Data, Geneva: International Labour Office, 1993.
4. World Bank, Poveal Net: an online analysis tool for Global Poverty Monitoring, http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm?0., 2018.
5. Y. Elhadary and N. Samat, “Political Economy and Urban Poverty in the Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Sudan and Malaysia,” Journal of Geography and Geology. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 212-223. https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v3n1p63, 2012 .