Biofilm Detachment and Its Implication in Spreading Biofilm-Related Infections

Abstract

AbstractBiofilms are a community of microorganisms formed on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. These colonies play a vital role in the virulent life cycle of bacteria. Bacteria communicate intrinsically and extrinsically to grow and eventually disperse their virulent factors, ultimately leading to diseases. Biofilm dispersion is the last stage in this life cycle; at this stage, the biofilm has completed maturation. The microorganism then disperses as the biofilm ruptures and assumes a planktonic lifestyle until they find a new surface to attach to and repeat the cycle. This mechanism plays a vital role in the pathogenicity of the microorganism and can be triggered prematurely to disrupt the microorganism's virulent nature. In this mini-review, we have summarized biofilm dispersion, its mechanisms, and the factors influenced by, focusing on their effect on the pathogen's virulence. We have also discussed the significance of quorum sensing and the modern methods used to develop quorum sensing inhibitors through in-silico approaches.