Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from olive mill wastewater using response surface methodology

Abstract

Abstract Large amounts of pomace are produced during the extraction of olive oil. This is because only 21% of an olive's weight is made up of oil, while 79% includes water, bark and pulp. This project extracted total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from olive mill wastewater as efficiently as possible. The TPCs were analyzed and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Data were evaluated using the response surface method (RSM). The largest TAA and TPC were discovered in extracting using 80% ethanol at 25 °C, and 2.5 bar with pH = 4. The highest amount of TPCs was 11.614 mg of gallic acid per 100 mL, and a value of 71.06% was reported for TAA. The results of the quadratic model showed that R2 is equal to 0.937, because it has a larger coefficient and the pH factor had the least effect. The temperature factor had the greatest impact on the extraction of TPC and TAA, and the mutual temperature and pH impacts affected the extraction positively. As a result, it can be concluded that the RSM was a useful tool for assessing the ideal circumstances for phenolic component extraction.