1. Transdisciplinary Initiative for Global Sustainability (TIGS), Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan E-mail: honda@ir3s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; makiko@ir3s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ai@ir3s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
2. Department of Environmental Systems, Wakayama University, 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama City Wakayama, 640-8510, Japan E-mail: hara@sys.wakayama-u.ac.jp