A sea change ahead for recreational water quality criteria

Author:

Boehm Alexandria B.1,Ashbolt Nicholas J.2,Colford John M.3,Dunbar Lee E.4,Fleming Lora E.5,Gold Mark A.6,Hansel Joel A.7,Hunter Paul R.8,Ichida Audrey M.9,McGee Charles D.10,Soller Jeffrey A.11,Weisberg Stephen B.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

2. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States, Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA

3. Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of California, Berkeley, CA USA

4. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT, USA

5. Departments of Epidemiology & Public Health and Marine Biology & Fisheries, Miller School of Medicine and Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Miami, FL USA

6. Heal the Bay, Monica, CA, USA

7. United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 4, Atlanta, GA, USA

8. Medical School, University of East Anglia, Anglia, UK

9. ICF International, Fairfax, VA, USA

10. Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, USA

11. Soller Environmental, 3022 King St, Berkeley, CA, USA

12. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA

Abstract

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for new criteria development. We believe that among the most needed research needs are the completion of epidemiology studies in tropical waters and in waters adversely impacted by urban runoff and animal feces, as well as studies aimed to validate the use of models for indicator and pathogen concentration and health risk predictions.

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology

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