1. Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nish-8, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0813, Japan
2. Global Environment Research Laboratory, Pioneering Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 2-1, Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0842, Japan