Solid phase extraction of trace amounts of cadmium(II) ions in water and food samples using iron magnetite nanoparticles modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Abstract

A new, simple and rapid method for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium ions using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole/sodium dodecyl sulfate immobilized on magnetite nanoparticles (MBT-SDS-MNPs) was proposed. The method is based on the extraction of cadmium ions via complexation with MBT immobilized on SDS-coated MNPs and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of different parameters – pH; eluent type, concentration and volume; amounts of salt and adsorbent; contact time and interfering ions – on the adsorption of cadmium ions were studied. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 10–5,000 μg L−1. Detection limit and relative standard deviation of the proposed method were 0.009 μg L−1 and 2.2%, respectively. The adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and a maximum adsorption amount of 24.80 mg g−1, a Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant (b) of 4.62 and Freundlich constants Kf and n of 6.075 mg1–1/n L1/n g−1 and 2.391, respectively, were obtained. Finally, this adsorbent was successfully used for extraction of cadmium from water and food samples.