Affiliation:
1. 1 Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Water distribution system flushing is one way to get rid of contamination. In conventional flushing, all the contaminated water is discharged to the environment, thereby harming it. A new method is proposed here as an alternative solution, in which a containment pond lined with impermeable material will be constructed in a suitable place within the municipality. Network modelling was performed to investigate the feasibility of the new method. It was found that (1) the proposed flushing method can successfully reduce environmental impacts compared to hydrant flushing only, (2) a containment pond cannot clear the system periphery away from the containment pond, (3) the best location of a containment pond is not always at the furthest location from the source reservoir, and (4) for some systems, some pond locations might be better from an economic perspective, while other locations will be better environmentally.
Subject
Water Science and Technology
Reference59 articles.
1. Unidirectional flushing: a powerful tool;Journal-American Water Works Association,1999
2. Modulating nodal outflows to guarantee sufficient disinfectant residuals in water distribution networks;Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2020
3. Mapping saline water intrusion into the coastal aquifer with geophysical and geochemical techniques: the University of Lagos campus case (Nigeria);SpringerPlus,2013
4. Baird
C. S.
2013
Science Questions with Surprising Answers. Available from: http://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/09/23/how-does-dissolving-a-salt-molecule-in-water-make-its-atoms-ionize/ (accessed 6 October 2021).
5. Dead-end flushing of a distribution system: Short and long-term effects on water quality;Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA,2005
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献