Water-food-energy nexus for transboundary cooperation in Eastern Africa

Author:

Elsayed Hamdy1ORCID,Djordjevic Slobodan23ORCID,Savic Dragan245ORCID,Tsoukalas Ioannis6ORCID,Makropoulos Christos46ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering-Shebin Elkom, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt

2. Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK

3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

4. KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands

5. Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

6. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechneiou 5, 15780 Zographou, Greece

Abstract

Abstract Establishing cooperation in transboundary rivers is challenging especially with the weak or non-existent river basin institutions. A nexus-based approach is developed to explore cooperation opportunities in transboundary river basins while considering system operation and coordination under uncertain hydrologic river regimes. The proposed approach is applied to the Nile river basin with a special focus on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), assuming two possible governance positions: with or without cooperation. A cooperation mechanism is developed to allocate additional releases from the GERD when necessary, while a unilateral position assumes that the GERD is operated to maximize hydropower generation regardless of downstream users' needs. The GERD operation modes were analysed considering operation of downstream reservoirs and varying demands in Egypt. Results show that average basin-wide hydropower generation is likely to increase by about 547 GWh/year (1%) if cooperation is adopted when compared to the unilateral position. In Sudan, hydropower generation and water supply are expected to enhance in the unilateral position and would improve further with cooperation. Furthermore, elevated low flows by the GERD are likely to improve the WFE nexus outcomes in Egypt under full cooperation governance scenario with a small reduction in GERD hydropower generation (2,000 GWh/year (19%)).

Funder

Cultural Affairs and Missions Sector, Ministry of Higher Education

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Subject

Water Science and Technology

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