Assessing the supraglacier extent of Karakoram glaciers located in Hunza River Basin, Pakistan-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Assessing the supraglacier extent of Karakoram glaciers located in Hunza River Basin, Pakistan

Published:2024-08-21 Issue: Volume: Page:
ISSN:2709-8028
Container-title:AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Hussain Nazakat¹,Rehman Habib Ur²,Iqbal Mudassar¹,Zafar Muhammad Awais¹^ORCID,Sarwar Muhammad Kaleem¹,Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman¹

Affiliation:

1. a Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan

2. b Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

ABSTRACT Measuring the extent of supraglacial debris cover (SDC) in the Karakoram region has proven to be a difficult task. Semi-automatic methodologies are often used for mapping the SDC area. However, these have limitations which lead to the overestimation or underestimation of glaciated areas. Considering these facts, this study aimed to assess the glacier's extent using a combination of satellite data and ground verification of SDC in the Hunza River Basin, Pakistan. The normalized difference snow index (NDSI) of various satellite images coupled with extensive ground survey was applied to estimate the glacier extent. Results of the glacier extents were in the range of 18–32 km2 for Gulkin, 6–18 km2 for Gulmit, and 6–17 km2 for Pissan glaciers. The ground survey indicated that satellite products are underestimating the extent of glaciers by an average of 18.018%. The comparison of on-site SDC data with Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) and Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) databases also indicates a slight variation. Overall results validate that combining satellite imagery with ground verification significantly enhances the accuracy of supraglacial extent assessment.

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Link

https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/aqua.2024.182/1468472/jws2024182.pdf

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