Affiliation:
1. 1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Abstract
Abstract
The presence and level of faecal indicator bacteria are important factors in estimating the microbiological quality of surface water and the risk of human infection upon exposure to this water. Until 2014, ISO 9308-1:2000 was available and used to enumerate faecal indicator Escherichia coli in bathing water. In 2014, this ISO was technically revised and replaced by ISO 9308-1:2014. This ISO introduced a less selective method for enumeration of E. coli that allows non-specific growth from waters containing high levels of bacteria, such as surface waters. This implies that currently there is no suitable reference membrane filtration method for the compliance monitoring of official bathing sites for E. coli according to the European Bathing Water Directive. Here, the performance characteristics of three chromogenic culture media, namely Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar, Chromogenic Coliform Agar (CCA), and CHROMagar E. coli/Coliform (ECC) were investigated at 44 °C for water with varying levels of bacteria according to ISO 13843:2017. Based on performance characteristics, colony counts, and practical usage, TBX appeared the most suitable culture medium for the enumeration of E. coli in bathing water and other waters with high levels of background bacteria, such as surface water in agricultural areas and wastewater discharge points.
Funder
Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology
Reference29 articles.
1. Comparison of Direct Colony Method versus Extraction Method for Identification of Gram-Positive Cocci by Use of Bruker Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
2. Anonymous 1998 ISO 9308-3:1998 Water Quality – Detection and Enumeration of Escherichia Coli and Coliform Bacteria in Surface and Waste Water – Part 3: Miniaturized Method (Most Probable Number) by Inoculation in Liquid Medium.
3. Anonymous 2000 ISO 9308:2000 Water Quality – Detection and Enumeration of Escherichia Coli and Coliform Bacteria – Part 1: Membrane Filtration Method.
4. Anonymous 2001 ISO 16649-2:2001 Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs – Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of β-Glucuronidase-Positive Escherichia Coli – Part 2: Colony-Count Technique at 44 °C Using 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl β-D-Glucuronide.
5. Directive 2006/7/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 15 February 2006 concerning the managment of bathing water quality and repealing directive 76/160/EEC;Anonymous;Official J. Eur. Union,2006
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献