The Effects of Final Treated Effluent and In-Mill Waste Streams from a Canadian Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Mill on Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Reproduction

Author:

Bosker Thijs1,Hewitt L. Mark2,Munkittrick Kelly R.1,Melvin Steven D.1,MacLatchy Deborah L.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5

2. National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada L7R 4A6

3. Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3C5

Abstract

Abstract The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design.

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Subject

Water Science and Technology

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