Modeling and optimization of engineering parameters for the treatment of textile wastewater using modified clay/TiO2/ZnO

Abstract

Abstract The objective of this project was to develop a new hybrid nanocomposite that would maximize chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal from effluent from the actual textile industry to overcome the water crisis brought on by increasing industrialization and urbanization. This study is the first to use modified clay/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites for adsorbing actual textile wastewater treatment. The adsorption capacity from the dye removal was evaluated to optimize the three engineering parameters (pH, adsorbent dose, and time) utilizing response surface methodology. An isotherm kinetic intra-particle diffusion model was developed to study the sorption phenomena. The best fit for sorption was provided by Langmuir isotherms, with an R2 of better than 0.99. The sorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics that favors chemisorption, following kinetic theory. The sorption process is endothermic, viable, and spontaneous in nature, according to a thermodynamic study. At the optimal pH (5.5), adsorbent dose (0.55 g), and time (75 min), the maximum COD and color removal were achieved to be 94 and 91% with a maximum sorption capacity of 660 mg/g. In this optimization, the adj. R2 and R2 correlation coefficients were calculated as 0.7213 and 0.7653, respectively. The hybrid composite seems to be effective for treating real effluents.