Temporal and thematic trends in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) research in Pacific Island Countries: a systematic review

Author:

MacDonald Morgan C.1,Chan Terence2,Elliott Mark3,Kearton Annika4,Shields Katherine F.5,Barrington Dani J.46,Souter Regina T.47,Powell Bronwyn R.47,Bartram Jamie5,Hadwen Wade L.18

Affiliation:

1. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia

2. Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

3. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Box 870205, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA

4. International WaterCentre, P.O. Box 10907, Adelaide St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia

5. The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, CB#7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

6. Department of Marketing, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, UK; and School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

7. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

8. Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia

Abstract

Pacific Island Countries (PICs) lag behind global trends in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) development. We conducted a systematic search of all English language papers (published before February 2015) about WaSH in PICs to evaluate the state of the peer-reviewed literature and explore thematic findings. A total of 121 papers met the criteria for full-text review following an initial search result of more than 6,000 papers. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality and relevance of each article and consolidated their findings according to four emergent themes: public health, environment, emergency response and interventions, and management and governance. Findings indicate a knowledge gap in evidence-guided WaSH management strategies that advocate for human health while concurrently protecting and preserving drinking water resources. Extreme weather events threaten the quantity and quality of limited freshwater resources, and cultural factors that are unique to PICs present challenges to hygiene and sanitation. This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the peer-reviewed literature on WaSH in PICs, addresses spatial and temporal publication trends, and suggests areas in need of further research to help PICs meet development goals.

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology,Development

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