Association of septic tank and sand filter for wastewater treatment: full-scale feasibility for decentralized sanitation

Author:

de Oliveira Cruz Luana Mattos1,Tonetti Adriano Luiz1,Gomes Bianca Graziella Lento Araujo1

Affiliation:

1. School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism – FEC, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária ‘Zeferino Vaz’, P.O. Box 6021, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract Worldwide, 70% of the individuals who do not have access to sanitation facilities live in rural areas. A solution for these areas is the use of decentralized systems for wastewater treatment. However, most of the studies about this topic are performed in a laboratory or in pilot scale. This work investigated a full-scale decentralized system. The association of septic tank and sand filter was installed in a rural area in Brazil. Its feasibility, maintenance, and operational conditions were appraised. The septic tank was built with precast concrete rings (inner diameter: 1.90 m; total depth: 2.34 m; useful volume: 4.30 m3). The sand filter was also constructed with precast concrete rings (internal diameter: 1.90 m; surface area: 2.84 m2) and effluent application was intermittent. The hydraulic loading rate of the sand filter was 253 Lm−2day−1. The quality of the effluent met the legal aspects and the system proved to be effective for decentralized sanitation. The final effluent may be reused in agricultural activities; however, the frequency of maintenance of this system should be taken into account.

Publisher

IWA Publishing

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology,Development

Reference52 articles.

1. Phosphorus removal by sands for use as media in subsurface flow constructed reed beds;Water Research,1999

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