Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Management in Carrot under Field Conditions

Abstract

The chlorophyll-lacking holoparasite Egyptian broomrape is a major threat for many field crops in Israel. In carrot, a high-value crop that is grown year round in Israel, heavy infestation with broomrape can cause severe damage and even total yield loss. The objective of this study was to determine, under field conditions, selective herbicides that would effectively control Egyptian broomrape without damaging the carrots. Ten field experiments were performed between the years 2010 and 2013. The acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides imazapic and imazamox caused deformation of carrot taproots at low doses, and significantly reduced yield amount and quality. Glyphosate was found to be the safest herbicide for broomrape management in carrot. Carrot selectivity and broomrape control efficacy were examined with three sequential applications of nine glyphosate doses. A nonlinear log-logistic curve described the response of noninfested carrot taproot biomass to glyphosate. No significant reduction in taproot biomass was observed when glyphosate was applied at up to 149 g ae ha−1. When glyphosate was applied in an Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot field, a hormetic effect was observed, perhaps due to Egyptian broomrape control. A two-parameter exponential decay curve described the broomrape response to glyphosate. Three sequential foliar applications of glyphosate, at 108 g ha−1, completely controlled Egyptian broomrape. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate applied sequentially at a low dose on Egyptian broomrape-infested carrot can control this parasitic weed.