Affiliation:
1. Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
2. Veterans Administration Center for Research on AIDS and HIV-1 Infection and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX, USA
Abstract
The Standard measures of experimental arthritis fail to detect, visualize, and quantify early inflammation and disease activity. Here, we describe the use of an injectable MMP-activated fluorescence agent forin vivoquantification of acute inflammation produced by collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in CC chemokine receptor-2 (Ccr2−/−) null mice. AlthoughCcr2−/−DBA1/J mice were highly susceptible to and rapidly developed CAIA, the standard clinical assessment of fore or hind paw thicknesses was unable to detect significant acute inflammatory changes (days 3–10). Remarkably, noninvasive,in situ, MMP-activatable fluorescent imaging ofCcr2−/−DBA1/J mice with CAIA displayed acute joint pathology in advance of clinically measurable acute inflammation (days 5, 7, and 10). These results were confirmed by the histology of ankle joints, which showed significant inflammation, bone loss, and synovial hyperplasia, compared to control mice at postimmunization day 5. The MMP-mediated fluorescence technique holds tremendous implications for quantifiable examination of arthritis disease activity of acute joint inflammation.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
Cited by
13 articles.
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