1. Reimpel, I., The Automobile Chassis: Suspension Elements (Russian translation), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1982.
2. Vershigora, V.A., Zel’tser, V.I., and Pyatkov, K.B., Avtomobili VAZ. Konstruktsii, tekhnicheskoe obsluzhivanie i remont (VAZ Cars: Design, Maintenance, and Repair), Moscow: Transport, 1974.
3. Russian Patent 69172.
4. GOST (State Standard) 3057-90: Plate Springs, 1990.